New Words

(bone) marrow n.	[U] the soft fatty substance in the hollow centre of bones	骨髓
menopause n.	[U] the time when a woman’s periods stop, usu. in the middle age 绝经期，更年期	又作 change of life [婉]
infertile adj.	1. not able to produce young 不能生育的 2. (of land) not able to grow plants（土地）不毛的，贫瘠的
deploy v.	[T] spread out or arrange for effective action, esp. for military action	施展；（尤指军事行动）调动，部署
ewe n.	[C] a fully-grown female sheep	母羊
fertility n.	[U] the production of many young, fruits or seeds	生育（能力），繁殖（能力）
f(o)etus n.	[C] a young human or other creature before birth, esp. at a later stage when all its parts have been developed	（尤指已发育的）胎儿，胚胎
sterile adj.	1. (of a living thing) unable to produce young 不生育的；不能生殖的 2. (of land) unable to produce crops （土地）贫瘠的，不毛的 3. free from all harmful bacteria and similar extremely small living things 无菌的，消过毒的
in vitro adj. , adv.	(done) outside a living body, in a piece of scientific equipment	在生物体外（完成）（的）；在试管内（完成）（的）
fertilization n.	[U] the start of the development of young (in a female creature or plant) by sexual or other means	受精
consortium n.	[C] a combination of several companies, banks, etc., for a common purpose	联营企业；财团
embryo n.	[C] the young of a creature in its first state before birth or before coming out of an egg	胚胎
extraterrestrial n., adj.	(a creature) from outside the Earth	（来自）地球外的（生命），外星人（的）
surrogate n.	[C] a person or thing acting or used in place of another; substitute	代理人；代用品
donor n.	[C] a person who gives or donates sth.	捐赠者
nucleus n.	[C] 1. the central part of almost all cells of living matter 细胞核 2. the central part of an atom, made up of neutrons, protons and other elementary particles 原子核
DNA n.	[U] deoxyribonucleic acid; the acid which carries genetic information in a cell	脱氧核糖核酸
fuse v.	[I/T] 1. join or become joined (by melting) 混合；（把）熔化（合）在一起 2. melt or cause (metal) to melt in great heat （使）（在高温下）熔化 3. (cause to) stop working owing to the melting of a fuse （使）因保险丝熔断而中断工作
reconstitute v.	[T] bring back into existence, usu. in a changed form	再组成，再构成
duplicate n.	[C] sth. that is exactly like another	完全一样的东西，复制品
meld v.	[I/T] (cause to) combine or mix	（使）合并；（使）结合；（使）混合
ethicist n.	[C] a person who studies or works in ethics	伦理学家
pulpit n.	[C] a small raised enclosure of wood or stone in a church, from which the priest speaks to the worshippers	（教堂中的）讲坛，布道坛
deform v.	[T] change the usual shape of sth., esp. so as to spoil its appearance or usefulness 使变形，使成畸形	* deformation n. 变形，走样 * deformity n. （身体的）缺陷，畸形，残疾
backlash n.	a strong but usu. delayed feelings of opposition among many people towards a belief or practice, esp. towards a political or social development	强烈反应，对抗性反应
renegade n.	[C] [贬] a person who deserts one country or belief to join another; traitor	叛徒，变节者；叛教者
impede v.	[T] get in the way of or slow down the movement or development of; hinder	阻碍，妨碍；阻止
ailment n.	[C] an illness, esp. one that is not serious	疾病（尤指小病）
Alzheimer’s (disease) n.	[U] a disease of the nervous system that is common in old people and which results in the gradual loss of memory, speech, movement and the ability to think clearly	阿耳茨海默病，早老性痴呆病
Parkinson’s (disease) n.	[U] a kind of paralysis, esp. of old people, in which the muscles become stiff and the limbs continually shake	帕金森氏病，（老年性）震颤麻痹
overcompensatory adj.	trying to correct one’s weakness by taking too strong an action in the opposite direction 矫枉过正的，过度补偿的	* overcompensate v. 矫枉过正，过度补偿
legislator n.	[C] a maker of laws or a member of a lawmaking body	立法者，议员，立法机关成员
confounding adj.	confusing and surprising as being unexpected	令人困惑的
purist n.	[C] someone who is always (too) careful to practise and preserve what they regard as the correct way of doing sth., esp. in matters of grammar, use of words, etc.	力求纯正者
libertarian n.	[C] a person who believes that people should be free to express their opinions, to have whatever religion they wish, etc.	自由论者，鼓吹公民充分自由者
cleric n.	[C] a clergyman	牧师；教士；神职人员
ethics n.	1. moral rules or principles of behaviour governing a person or group 伦理标准，道德规范 2. the science which deals with morals 伦理学
crusader n.	[C] a person who takes part in a crusade 从事改革（讨伐）运动者	* crusade n. 1. any of the Christian wars to win back Palestine from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries 十字军东征 2. a united effort for the defence or advancement of an idea, principle, etc. 改革（讨伐）运动 v. [I] take part in a crusade 从事改革（讨伐）运动 加入十字军
aspire v.	[I] direct one’s hopes and efforts to some certain aim	追求，渴望；有志于
ethical adj.	1. connected with ethics 伦理的，道德的 2. morally good or right 合乎道德的 bioethicist n. [C] 生物伦理学家
snap(shot) n.	[C] an informal photograph taken with a hand-held camera	快照，快相
defective adj.	1. (of a person) well below the average, esp. in mind （指人）心智不全的，智力低于正常标准的 2. not working properly; faulty 有缺陷的，有毛病的
lymphoma n.		[C] 淋巴（组织）瘤
gestation n.	[U] (the time of) the carrying of a child or young animal inside the mother’s body before birth	怀孕（期），妊娠（期）
malady n.	[C] 1. an illness 疾病 2. sth. that is wrong with a system or organization（制度或机构的）弊病，弊端
outlaw v.	[T] 1. declare sth. not legal 宣布某事不合法 2. declare sb. to be a person who has broken the laws of society and now lives outside society, esp. in lonely areas, trying to avoid punishment 宣布某人为不法之徒
pregnancy n.	[C/U] (an example of) the condition of being pregnant 怀孕，妊娠	* pregnant adj. 怀孕的，怀胎的
cremate v.	[T] burn (the body of a dead person) at a funeral ceremony	火葬；火化（尸体）
strand n.	[C] a single thin thread, wire, string, piece of hair, etc.	（线、绳、发的）股，缕
replicate v.	[T] do or make again, esp. so as to get the same result or make an exact copy	复制；重复
specimen n.	[C] 1. a piece or amount of sth. for being shown, tested, etc.; sample 样品，样本，标本 2. a single typical thing or example 范例，典范，实例
materialise v.	[I/T] 1. (of sth. planned or expected) become real or actual 实现 2. (cause to) begin to have physical form; appear （使）具体化；（使）显形
trait n.	[C] a particular quality, esp. of a person; characteristic	（尤指人的）特性，品质，性格
compassion n.	[U] sympathy for the sufferings of others, causing a desire to help them	同情（心）；怜悯
confound v.	[T] confuse and surprise by being unexpected	使不知所措；使困惑
insemination n.	[U] the process of putting male seed into a female, by sexual act or by an artificial process 怀孕；受精	* inseminate v. 使怀孕；使受精
allergy n.	[U] a condition of being unusually sensitive to sth. eaten, breathed in, or touched, in a way that causes pain or suffering	过敏性反应；过敏症
asthma n.	[U] a long-lasting disease which causes difficulty in breathing	哮喘（病）
travail(s) n.	[U] 1. the pains of giving birth to a child 分娩时的阵痛 2. very hard work 苦活，艰苦努力
arena n.	[C] 1. an enclosed area used for sports, public entertainments, etc. 活动场所 2. a place of great activity, esp. of competition or fighting 竞技场
embryonic adj.	in an undeveloped or very early state of growth	胚胎期的，萌芽期的
harness v.	[T] 1. control and use (a natural force) to produce useful power 控制及利用（自然力）产生能源 2. put a harness on (esp. a horse) 给（马等）套上挽具
kit n.	[C] 1. a set of articles or tools needed for a particular purpose or job 成套工具；配套元件 2. a set of parts sold ready to be put together 一套待装配的元件 3. a set of clothes and other articles needed for daily life, esp. by soldiers, sailors, etc., or for playing a particular sport 日常需要的衣着用品，行装；参加某一体育竞赛所需的服装和成套用品
paralyse v.	[T] cause paralysis to 使麻痹（瘫痪）	* paralysis n. 麻痹；瘫痪
revolt n.	[C/U] 1. (a) feeling of being deeply shocked and caused to turn away with violent dislike 嫌恶，强烈的反感 2. (an example of) the act of taking strong and often violent action against those in power, usu. with the aim of taking power from them 造反，起义；反叛
perish v.	[I] die, esp. in a terrible or sudden way	死亡；猝死，暴卒
conception n.	[C/U] 1. the starting of a new life by the union of a male and a female sex cell 妊娠，怀孕 2. (a) general understanding; idea 概念；观念；思想 3. the act of forming an idea, plan, etc. 设想，构思，构想
gawk v.	[I] look at sth. in a foolish way	呆视，瞪着眼望

重点词汇解析

infertile adj. 　返回

(1) not able to produce young 不能生育的 It has been estimated that one in eight couples is infertile. 据估计每八对夫妇中就有一对不育。 (2) (of land) not able to grow plants（土地）不毛的，贫瘠的 Harvests are poor in this infertile area. 在这片贫瘠的土地上收成很差。

deploy v. 　返回

[T] spread out or arrange for effective action, esp. for military action 施展；（尤指军事行动）调动，部署 He deployed a powerful argument against the proposal. 他对该建议提出强烈的反对意见。 The general has made the decision to deploy extra troops. 将军已决定部署更多的部队。

fetus/foetus n.　返回

[C] a young human or other creature before birth, esp. at a later stage when all its parts have been developed （尤指已发育的）胎儿，胚胎 By the end of the third month of pregnancy the fetus is a miniature human being. 怀孕第三个月时胎儿就已经有个小人样了。 High blood pressure severely endangers the lives of mother and fetus. 高血压严重威胁着母亲和胎儿的生命。

sterile adj.　返回

(1) (of a living thing) unable to produce young 不生育的；不能生殖的 One of the side effects of the drug could be to make men sterile. 这种药可能存在令男子不育的副作用。 (2) (of land) unable to produce crops （土地）贫瘠的，不毛的 The loss of the rain forests finally brings droughts, flood and sterile soil. 热带雨林被毁，最终导致连年干旱、洪水泛滥和土地荒芜。 (3) free from all harmful bacteria and similar extremely small living things 无菌的，消过毒的 Children with this disease need to be kept in a sterile environment. 必须为患有这种疾病的儿童保持无菌环境。

consortium n.　返回

[C] a combination of several companies, banks, etc., for a common purpose 联营企业；财团 They have recently formed a consortium of textile manufacturers. 最近他们组成了一家纺织联营企业。

extraterrestrial n., adj.　返回

(a creature) from outside the Earth （来自）地球外的（生命），外星人（的） Scientists believe that extraterrestrial beings exist somewhere in the outer space. 科学家们相信宇宙中存在着外星人。

surrogate n. 　返回

[C] a person or thing acting or used in place of another; substitute 代理人；代用品 For some people, reading travel books is a surrogate for actual travel. 对有些人来说，阅读旅游书籍可以代替真正的旅游。 There are strict regulations surrounding surrogate motherhood. 对“借腹生子”有严格的法律规定。

fuse v.　返回

[I/T] (1) join or become joined (by melting) 混合；（把）熔化（合）在一起 Genes determine how we develop from the moment the sperm fuses with the egg. 在精子与卵子结合的瞬间，基因就决定了我们成长的方式。 In Istanbul, East and West fuse together in a way that is fascinating to observe. 东西方的文化在伊斯坦布尔交融汇合，令人称奇。 (2) melt or cause (metal) to melt in great heat （使）（在高温下）熔化 Iron ore fuses when it is melted. 铁矿石在高温下熔化。 (3) (cause to) stop working owing to the melting of a fuse （使）因保险丝熔断而中断工作 He was messing around with the switches and he fused the lights. 他把开关胡乱拨弄了一气，结果跳了闸，灯都不亮了。

duplicate n. 　返回

[C] sth. that is exactly like another 完全一样的东西，复制品 The thieves seemed to be equipped with duplicate keys to the safe. 盗贼似乎是用万能钥匙打开保险柜的。 I lost the original form so they sent me a duplicate. 我把原来的表格弄丢了，所以他们又寄了一份给我。

deform v.　返回

[T] change the usual shape of sth., esp. so as to spoil its appearance or usefulness使变形，使成畸形 Sitting badly for long periods of time can deform your spine. 长期坐姿不良会使脊柱变形。 Her face and hands were badly deformed in a fire. 她的手在一次火灾中严重烧伤变形，脸也破了相。

backlash n. 　返回

a strong but usu. delayed feelings of opposition among many people towards a belief or practice, esp. towards a political or social development 强烈反应，对抗性反应 The accident has produced a backlash among local people who claim that the road is dangerous. 这场交通事故在当地居民中引起了强烈反响，人们都认为道路太危险了。 Intense police activity in the neighborhood eventually provoked a violent backlash from the community. 警察在当地的过激行为终于导致了居民的强烈反应。

renegade n.　返回

[C] [贬] a person who deserts one country or belief to join another; traitor 叛徒，变节者；叛教者 The renegade soldier was sentenced to death by the military court. 军事法庭宣判投降变节的士兵死刑。

impede v. 　返回

[T] get in the way of or slow down the movement or development of; hinder 阻碍，妨碍；阻止 Although he is shy, it has not impeded his career in any way. 尽管他很怕羞，但这却并未阻碍他事业的发展。 War impedes progress in many developing countries. 战争阻碍了许多发展中国家的发展进程。

overcompensatory adj.　返回

trying to correct one’s weakness by taking too strong an action in the opposite direction 矫枉过正的，过度补偿的 When he realized that the car was sliding to the left, his overcompensatory action of violently turning the steering wheel to the right sent the car crashing into a wall. 他发现车向左打滑，就向右猛打方向盘，结果反而迎头撞上了墙壁。

confounding adj.　返回

confusing and surprising as being unexpected 令人困惑的 It is confounding to find the elderly man still living after he was officially declared dead. 那位老人在被正式宣布死亡后仍然健在，真是让人感到惊愕和困惑。

ethics n.　返回

(1) moral rules or principles of behavior governing a person or group 伦理标准，道德规范 (2) the science which deals with morals 伦理学 Ethics is the study of what is morally right and what is not. 伦理学是研究道德准则的学科。

aspire v.　返回

[I] direct one’s hopes and efforts to some important aim 追求，渴望；有志于 Few people who aspire after fame ever achieve it. 追求名誉的人很少得逞。 He aspired to the leadership of the party. 他立志成为该党的领导人。

ethical adj. 　返回

(1) connected with ethics 伦理的，道德的 Spitting, littering and vandalism of public facilities are considered against ethical standards. 随地吐痰、乱扔垃圾以及破坏公物都是不符合道德规范的。 (2) morally good or right 合乎道德的 We are a moral, ethical people and therefore we do not approve of their activities. 我们讲究仁义道德，对他们的行为不敢苟同。

crusader n.

[C] a person who takes part in a crusade 从事改革（讨伐）运动者 He was a tireless crusader for women’s rights. 他为了妇女的权利不辞劳苦、锐意进取。

defective adj. 　返回

(1) (of a person) well below the average, esp. in mind （指人）心智不全的，智力低于正常标准的 The child was born with defective eyesight. 这孩子出生时就有视力缺陷。 (2) not working properly; faulty 有缺陷的，有毛病的 The drug has been shown to affect defective genes. 这种药对基因缺陷有效。

outlaw v. 　返回

[T] (1) declare sth. not legal 宣布某事不合法 The European Convention of Human Rights outlaws discrimination between the sexes. 欧洲人权大会宣布严禁性别歧视。 (2) declare sb. to be a person who has broken the laws of society and now lives outside society, esp. in lonely areas, trying to avoid punishment 宣布某人为不法之徒 An outlawed political group has no choice but to go underground. 被宣布为非法的政治组织别无选择，只能转入地下。

cremate v.　返回

[T] burn (the body of a dead person) at a funeral ceremony 火葬；火化（尸体） The old man wanted to be cremated and scattered from a plane over the sea. 那位老人希望死后火化，并用飞机将其骨灰撒入大海。

replicate v.　返回

[T] do or make again, esp. so as to get the same result or make an exact copy 复制；重复 Researchers tried many times to replicate the original experiment. 研究人员多次尝试，设法重复原先的试验步骤。

trait n.　返回

[C] a particular quality, esp. of a person; characteristic （尤指人的）特性，个性，（性格）特征 Arrogance is a very unattractive character trait. 傲慢是很不好的性格特征。 It’s a genetic trait that causes deafness at an early age. 早期耳聋是基因缺陷造成的。

compassion n. 　返回

[U] sympathy for the sufferings of others, causing a desire to help them 同情（心）；怜悯 The government has not shown much compassion towards the sufferers. 政府对有困难的人群未表示多少同情。

confound v. 　返回

[T] confuse and surprise by being unexpected 使不知所措；使困惑 The dancer confounded the critics who said she was finished by giving the best performance of her life. 那位女舞蹈演员发挥出最佳水平，令那些称其无望的评论家大跌眼镜。

allergy n.　返回

[U] a condition of being unusually sensitive to sth. eaten, breathed in, or touched, in a way that causes pain or suffering 过敏性反应；过敏症 Your skin problems are caused by an allergy to alcohol. 你的皮肤毛病是酒精过敏引起的。

travail(s) n.　返回

[U] (1) great pains, esp. the pains of giving birth to a child 分娩时的阵痛 The two World Wars were times of great travail. 两次世界大战是令人倍受煎熬的时期。 (2) very hard work 苦活，艰苦努力 The travails of the Chinese car industry are seldom out of the news. 中国汽车工业的艰苦努力一直受到媒体的关注。

harness v. 　返回

[T] (1) use (a natural force) to produce useful power 利用（自然力）产生能源 There is a great deal of interest in harnessing wind and waves as new sources of power. 现在人们对利用风能和波浪作为新能源非常感兴趣。 (2) put a harness on (esp. a horse) 给（马等）套上挽具 A donkey, harnessed to a long pole, walked round in a circle to draw water. 一只毛驴套着一根长长的棍子，绕着圈走，把水打了上来。

paralyse v.　返回

[T] cause paralysis to 使麻痹（瘫痪） The effect of the drug is to paralyse the nerves so that there is no feeling or movement in the legs. 这种药麻醉神经，从而使腿部失去感觉或丧失行动能力。

perish v. 　返回

[I] die, esp. in a terrible or sudden way 死亡；猝死，暴卒 Many people believe that Europe must create closer ties or it will perish. 许多人认为欧洲必须更紧密地联合起来，否则就会灭亡。 Thousands of people perished in the earthquake. 成千上万的人在地震中死去。

conception n.　返回

[C/U] (1) the starting of a new life by the union of a male and a female sex cell 妊娠，怀孕 It is now possible for conception to take place outside a woman’s body. 现在体外受精已经成为可能。 (2) (a) general understanding; idea 概念；观念；思想 He’s got a pretty strange conception of friendship. 他对友谊有着非常奇怪的理解。 (3) the act of forming an idea, plan, etc. 设想，构思，构想 I thought the book’s writing was dreadful, and its conception even worse. 我认为这本书行文极差，构思更是有问题。

gawk v.　返回

[I] look at sth. in a foolish way 呆视，瞪着眼望 They stood gawking open-mouthed at me. 他们站在那儿，嘴张得大大的，呆呆地看着我。

get around/round

avoid or find a way to deal with sth. to one’s advantag逃避，回避 Some people try to get around the tax law. 有些人设法逃税。

commit to promise

(esp. oneself, one’s property, etc.) to a certain cause, position, opinion, or course of action （使）承担义务，（决心）致力于；承诺 Mary was committed to secretarial work here. 这儿的秘书工作由玛丽负责

come out against

declare oneself publicly to be against a plan, belief, etc. 公开表明反对 In his speech the politician came out clearly against the present government. 这位政治家在他的演讲中明确反对现政府。